Associate Professor Chris Menictas

Associate Professor Chris Menictas

Associate Professor
Engineering
Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Chris Menictas is an Associate Professor in the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and leads the Energy Storage and Refrigeration Research Laboratory.

His research areas include:

  • Air conditioning and refrigeration.
  • Building heat load estimation.
  • Energy harvesting using thermoelectric generators.
  • Thermal morphing and wearable thermo-modulating comfort systems.
  • Energy storage
  • Renewable energy
  • Microgrid system modelling
  • Redox flow battery systems (Modelling and Design)
  • Hybrid redox fuel cell systems

Chris Menictas is a member of:

  • AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating)
  • Electrochemical Society of USA.
Phone
+61 2 9385 6269
  • Books | 2014
    Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Lim TM, 2014, Advances in Batteries for Medium and Large-Scale Energy Storage: Types and Applications, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-16429-X
    Books | 2014
    Various authors , 2014, Advances in Batteries for Medium and Large-Scale Energy Storage, Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Lim TM, (eds.), Woodhead Pub Limited
  • Book Chapters | 2023
    Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 2023, 'Next-Generation Vanadium Flow Batteries', in Flow Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications: Volume 1, 2 and 3, pp. 673 - 687, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527832767.ch30
    Book Chapters | 2015
    Corcuera S; Estornés J; Menictas C, 2015, 'Chapter 2 Economics of batteries for medium- and large-scale energy storage', in Advances in Batteries for Medium and Large-Scale Energy Storage, Elsevier, pp. 29 - 53, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78242-013-2.00002-9
    Book Chapters | 2014
    Corcuera S; Estornes J; Menictas C, 2014, 'Economics of batteries for medium- and large scale energy storage', in Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Lim TM (ed.), Advances in Batteries for Medium- and Large-scale Energy Storage, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 29 - 53, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-013-2.00002-9
    Book Chapters | 2014
    Skyllas-Kazacos M; McCann J, 2014, 'Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries', in Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Lim T (ed.), Advances in batteries for medium- and large-scale energy storage, Woodhead Pub Limited
    Book Chapters | 2013
    Melhem Z; Willis HL; Bell K; Booth C; Kauhaniemi K; Bessède J-L; Van Hertem D; Delimar M; Wang K; Crow ML; Stevens GC; Vaughan A; Hassenzahl W; Oberschmidt J; Klobasa M; Genoese F; Tsai P-J; Chan SLI; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C; Lim T; Tixador P, 2013, 'Contributor contact details', in Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems, Elsevier, pp. xi - xiii, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84569-784-6.50016-0
    Book Chapters | 2013
    Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C; Lim T, 2013, '12 Redox flow batteries for medium- to large-scale energy storage', in Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems, Elsevier, pp. 398 - 441, http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857097378.3.398
    Book Chapters | 2013
    Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C; Lim T, 2013, 'Redox Flow Batteries for Medium to Large Scale Energy Storage', in Melhem Z (ed.), Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems, Woodhead Pub Limited, pp. 398 - 441
  • Journal articles | 2024
    Ul Hassan M; Bremner S; Menictas C; Kay M, 2024, 'Assessment of hydrogen and Lithium-ion batteries in rooftop solar PV systems', Journal of Energy Storage, 86, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111182
    Journal articles | 2023
    Gilmore N; Koskinen I; Burr P; Obbard E; Sproul A; Konstantinou G; Bilbao J; Daiyan R; Kay M; Corkish R; Macgill I; Lovell E; Menictas C; Bruce A, 2023, 'Identifying weak signals to prepare for uncertainty in the energy sector', Heliyon, 9, pp. e21295, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21295
    Journal articles | 2023
    Guan X; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C, 2023, 'A Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Stack Model for Redox Flow Batteries Considering Porosity Variations in Porous Felt Electrodes and Bypass Flow in Side Gaps', Batteries, 9, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070359
    Journal articles | 2023
    Keogh DF; Baldry M; Timchenko V; Reizes J; Menictas C, 2023, 'Modelling the effects of areal capacity on mass transport in liquid metal batteries', Journal of Power Sources, 573, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233142
    Journal articles | 2022
    Noack J; Baudrin E; Fornari R; Franco AA; Gerlach D; Guan X; Hamaekers J; Maaß A; Menictas C; Mourouga G; Nirschl H; Roznyatovskaya N; Schaerer R; Schumacher J; de Silva P; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Wlodarczyk J; Wolf A; Yu J, 2022, '(Invited) Modelling and Simulation for the Search for New Active Materials for Redox Flow Batteries - Results of the International Project Sonar', ECS Meeting Abstracts, MA2022-01, pp. 1954 - 1954, http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01461954mtgabs
    Journal articles | 2022
    Noack J; Roznyatovskaya N; Kunzendorf J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C; Tübke J, 2022, 'The Influence of Electrochemical Treatment on Electrode Reactions for Vanadium Flow Batteries', ECS Meeting Abstracts, MA2022-01, pp. 461 - 461, http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013461mtgabs
    Journal articles | 2022
    Noack J; Roznyatovskaya N; Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Tübke J, 2022, 'Vanadium/Water Electrolyser for Recharge of Vanadium Oxygen Fuel Cells', ECS Meeting Abstracts, MA2022-02, pp. 49 - 49, http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02149mtgabs
    Journal articles | 2022
    Yang Y; Bremner S; Menictas C; Kay M, 2022, 'Forecasting error processing techniques and frequency domain decomposition for forecasting error compensation and renewable energy firming in hybrid systems', Applied Energy, 313, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118748
    Journal articles | 2022
    Yang Y; Bremner S; Menictas C; Kay M, 2022, 'Modelling and optimal energy management for battery energy storage systems in renewable energy systems: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112671
    Journal articles | 2021
    Baldry M; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2021, 'The Effect of Orientation on the Performance of Small Free-Convection Heat Sinks for Use with a Thermoelectric Cryotherapy Device', Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 13, http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4048758
    Journal articles | 2021
    Gilmore N; Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2021, 'Manifold configurations for uniform flow via topology optimisation and flow visualisation', Applied Thermal Engineering, 183, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116227
    Journal articles | 2021
    Gilmore N; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2021, 'Manifold microchannel heat sink topology optimisation', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 170, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121025
    Journal articles | 2021
    Keogh DF; Timchenko V; Reizes J; Menictas C, 2021, 'Modelling Rayleigh-Bénard convection coupled with electro-vortex flow in liquid metal batteries', Journal of Power Sources, 501, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229988
    Journal articles | 2021
    Noack J; Roznyatovskaya N; Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Tübke J, 2021, 'Vanadium/Oxygen Systems for Energy Storage', ECS Meeting Abstracts, MA2021-01, pp. 26 - 26, http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01126mtgabs
    Journal articles | 2021
    Noack J; Wietschel L; Gerlach D; Roznyatovskaya N; Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Pinkwart K, 2021, 'Techno-economical Modeling and Simulations for Redox Flow Batteries', ECS Meeting Abstracts, MA2021-02, pp. 158 - 158, http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-021158mtgabs
    Journal articles | 2021
    Prasad AA; Yang Y; Kay M; Menictas C; Bremner S, 2021, 'Synergy of solar photovoltaics-wind-battery systems in Australia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 152, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111693
    Journal articles | 2021
    Yang Y; Bremner S; Menictas C; Kay M, 2021, 'Impact of forecasting error characteristics on battery sizing in hybrid power systems', Journal of Energy Storage, 39, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102567
    Journal articles | 2020
    Gilmore N; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2020, 'Open manifold microchannel heat sink for high heat flux electronic cooling with a reduced pressure drop', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 163, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120395
    Journal articles | 2020
    Gurieff N; Green D; Koskinen I; Lipson M; Baldry M; Maddocks A; Menictas C; Noack J; Moghtaderi B; Doroodchi E, 2020, 'Healthy power: Reimagining hospitals as sustainable energy hubs', Sustainability (Switzerland), 12, pp. 1 - 17, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208554
    Journal articles | 2020
    Gurieff N; Keogh DF; Baldry M; Timchenko V; Green D; Koskinen I; Menictas C, 2020, 'Mass transport optimization for redox flow battery design', Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/APP10082801
    Journal articles | 2020
    Gurieff N; Keogh DF; Bladry M; Timchenko V; Green D; Koskinen I; Menictas C, 2020, 'Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design', , http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0379.v1
    Journal articles | 2019
    Baldry M; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2019, 'Optimal design of a natural convection heat sink for small thermoelectric cooling modules', Applied Thermal Engineering, 160, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114062
    Journal articles | 2019
    Gurieff N; Cheung CY; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2019, 'Performance enhancing stack geometry concepts for redox flow battery systems with flow through electrodes', Journal of Energy Storage, 22, pp. 219 - 227, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.02.014
    Journal articles | 2019
    Gurieff N; Keogh DF; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2019, 'Enhanced reactant distribution in redox flow cells', Molecules, 24, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213877
    Journal articles | 2019
    Li DD; Keogh DF; Huang K; Chan QN; Yin Yuen AC; Menictas C; Timchenko V; Yeoh GH; Yuen ACY, 2019, 'Modeling the response of magnetorheological fluid dampers under seismic conditions', Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 9, pp. 4189, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194189
    Journal articles | 2019
    Risbud M; Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Noack J, 2019, 'Vanadium oxygen fuel cell utilising high concentration electrolyte', Batteries, 5, pp. 24, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010024
    Journal articles | 2019
    Yang Y; Bremner S; Menictas C; Kay M, 2019, 'A mixed receding horizon control strategy for battery energy storage system scheduling in a hybrid pv andwind power plant with different forecast techniques', Energies, 12, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122326
    Journal articles | 2018
    Baldry M; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2018, 'Thermal modelling of controlled scalp hypothermia using a thermoelectric cooling cap', Journal of Thermal Biology, 76, pp. 8 - 20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.06.008
    Journal articles | 2018
    Cao L; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C; Noack J, 2018, 'A review of electrolyte additives and impurities in vanadium redox flow batteries', Journal of Energy Chemistry, 27, pp. 1269 - 1291, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2018.04.007
    Journal articles | 2018
    Gilmore N; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2018, 'Microchannel cooling of concentrator photovoltaics: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90, pp. 1041 - 1059, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.010
    Journal articles | 2018
    Gurieff N; Timchenko V; Menictas C, 2018, 'Variable porous electrode compression for redox flow battery systems', Batteries, 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040053
    Journal articles | 2018
    Noack J; Roznyatovskaya N; Kunzendorf J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C; Tübke J, 2018, 'The influence of electrochemical treatment on electrode reactions for vanadium redox-flow batteries', Journal of Energy Chemistry, 27, pp. 1341 - 1352, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2018.03.021
    Journal articles | 2018
    Yang Y; Bremner S; Menictas C; Kay M, 2018, 'Battery energy storage system size determination in renewable energy systems: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 91, pp. 109 - 125, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.047
    Journal articles | 2016
    Roe S; Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 2016, 'A high energy density vanadium redox flow battery with 3 M vanadium electrolyte', Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 163, pp. A5023 - A5028, http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0041601jes
    Journal articles | 2015
    Cheung CY; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch BJ, 2015, 'Spatial thermal condition in aluminum reduction cells under influences of electrolyte flow', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 100, pp. 1 - 14, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.04.034
    Journal articles | 2013
    Cheung CY; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch BJ, 2013, 'Characterization of individual anode current signals in aluminum reduction cells', Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 52, pp. 9632 - 9644, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie400296u
    Journal articles | 2011
    Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 2011, 'Performance of vanadium-oxygen redox fuel cell', Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 41, pp. 1223 - 1232, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0342-8
    Journal articles | 1996
    SKYLLAS‐KAZACOS M; MENICTAS C; KAZACOS M, 1996, 'ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stability of Concentrated V(V) Electrolytes in the Vanadium Redox Cell.', ChemInform, 27, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199633008
    Journal articles | 1993
    Menictas C; Cheng M; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 1993, 'Evaluation of an NH4VO3-derived electrolyte for the vanadium-redox flow battery', Journal of Power Sources, 45, pp. 43 - 54, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(93)80007-C
  • Preprints | 2023
    Keogh DF; Baldry M; Timchenko V; Reizes J; Menictas C, 2023, Realising large areal capacities in liquid metal batteries: a battery design concept for mass transfer enhancement, , http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.07897
    Conference Papers | 2021
    Noack J; Nataliya R; Chris M; Maria S-K; Jens T, 2021, 'Vanadium/Oxygen Systems for Energy Storage', USA, presented at 239th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, USA, 30 May 2021
    Preprints | 2020
    Keogh DF; Timchenko V; Reizes J; Menictas C, 2020, Modelling Rayleigh-Bénard convection coupled with electro-vortex flow in liquid metal batteries, , http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.09094
    Conference Presentations | 2019
    Gurieff N; Menictas C; Timchenko V; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Noack J, 2019, 'Performance enhancing stack geometry concepts', presented at The International Flow Battery Forum, Lyon, France
    Conference Presentations | 2019
    Noack J; Menictas C; Roznyatovskaya N; Risbud M; Gurieff N; Fischer P; Schäffer M; Tübke J; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 2019, 'An Overview Of Current Developments And Challenges Of Redox Flow Batteries', presented at International Coalition for Energy Storage and Innovation and Pacific Power Source Symposium, Big Island, Hawaii, USA
    Conference Presentations | 2018
    Menictas C; Risbud M; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Noack J, 2018, 'Design and Development of a Vanadium Oxygen Fuel Cell', presented at Meeting of The Material Research Society (MRS), Boston, MA, USA
    Conference Papers | 2018
    Menictas C; Risbud M; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Noack J, 2018, 'Vanadium-oxygen hybrid fuel cell: Design and Performance', Lausanne, Switzerland, presented at The International Flow Battery Forum, Lausanne, Switzerland, 10 July 2018 - 12 July 2018
    Conference Presentations | 2018
    Noack J; Roznyatovskaya N; Fischer P; Menictas C; Tübke J; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 2018, 'Today’s Challenges for Redox-Flow Batteries', presented at Meeting of The Materials Research Society (MRS), Phoenix, AZ, USA
    Conference Presentations | 2018
    Noack J; Roznyatovskaya N; Gurieff N; Menictas C; Tübke J; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 2018, 'Current Development Trends and Challenges for Redox-Flow Batteries', presented at ModVal, Aarau, Switzerland
    Conference Presentations | 2018
    Risbud M; Menictas C; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Noack J, 2018, 'Vanadium – Oxygen Hybrid Fuel cell: Design & Performance', presented at The International Flow Battery Forum, Lausanne, Switzerland
    Conference Papers | 2018
    Yang Y; Bremner S; Menictas C; Meng K; Dong ZY; Kay M, 2018, 'An economic optimization for BESS sizing in a hybrid PV and wind power plant', in 2017 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia: Smart Grid for Smart Community, ISGT-Asia 2017, pp. 1 - 6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2017.8378353
    Conference Papers | 2018
    Yang Y; Menictas C; Bremner S; Kay M, 2018, 'A Comparison Study of Dispatching Various Battery Technologies in a Hybrid PV and Wind Power Plant', in IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2018.8585803
    Conference Papers | 2017
    Mostafavi S; Shoraka Y; Taylor R; Menictas C, 2017, 'Performance analysis of high temperature sensible heat thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar thermal power plants', Bellevue, WA, USA, presented at ASME 2017 Summer Heat Transfer Conference, Bellevue, WA, USA, 09 July 2017 - 14 July 2017, https://www.asme.org/events/shtc?_ga=1.141504561.2056140069.1484622051
    Conference Papers | 2017
    Yang Y; Bremner S; Menictas C; Meng K; Dong ZY; Kay M, 2017, 'An Economic Optimization for BESS Sizing in a Hybrid PV and Wind Power Plant', in 2017 IEEE INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES - ASIA (ISGT-ASIA), IEEE, NEW ZEALAND, Univ Auckland, Auckland, pp. 220 - 225, presented at 7th IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia), NEW ZEALAND, Univ Auckland, Auckland, 04 December 2017 - 07 December 2017, https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000435854300040&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=891bb5ab6ba270e68a29b250adbe88d1
    Conference Papers | 2016
    Cheung C; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch BJ, 2016, 'Frequency response analysis of anode current signals as a diagnostic aid for detecting approaching anode effects in aluminum smelting cells', in Minerals, Metals and Materials Series, pp. 887 - 892, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_151
    Conference Papers | 2016
    Cheung CY; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch BJ, 2016, 'Impacts of anode set on the energy re-distribution of PB aluminum smelting cells', pp. 943 - 947, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48179-1_164
    Conference Papers | 2016
    Menictas C; Timchenko V; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 2016, 'New flow battery design concepts for increasing power density and market penetration', Karlsruhe, Germany, presented at The International Flow Battery Forum, Karlsruhe, Germany, 07 June 2016 - 09 June 2016
    Conference Papers | 2014
    Cheung W; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch BJ, 2014, 'Monitoring the Operation of Aluminium Smelter Cells using Individual Anode Current Measurements', in Rhamdhani M; Brooks G (ed.), Proceeding of 6th Annual High Temperature Processing Symposium, 2014, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, pp. 33 - 35, presented at 6th Annual High Temperature Processing Symposium, Melbourne, 03 February 2014 - 04 February 2014
    Conference Papers | 2012
    Cheung C; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch B, 2012, 'Impacts of anode set on the energy re-distribution of PB aluminum smelting cells', in TMS Light Metals, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Orlando, FL, pp. 943 - 947, presented at Light Metals 2012 - TMS 2012 Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Orlando, FL, 11 March 2012 - 15 March 2012
    Conference Papers | 2012
    Cheung CY; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch BJ, 2012, 'Impacts of Anode Set on the Energy Re-distribution of PB Aluminum Smelting Cells', pp. 943 - 947, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359259.ch164
    Conference Papers | 2011
    Cheung C; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch B, 2011, 'Dynamic Modelling of An Operating Aluminium Reduction Cell', in Chemeca 2011, Engineers Australia, Sydney, pp. 1 - 9, presented at Chemeca 2011, Sydney, 18 September 2011 - 21 September 2011
    Conference Papers | 2011
    Cheung C; Menictas C; Bao J; Skyllas-Kazacos M; Welch B, 2011, 'Simulation of Local Cell Conditions in Hall-Heroult Process Based on Individual Anode Currents', in Proceedings of the 10th Australasian Aluminium Smelting Technology Conference, The Australian Aluminium Industry, Launceston Tasmania, pp. 1 - 10, presented at Proceedings of the 10th Australasian Aluminium Smelting Technology Conference, Launceston Tasmania, 09 October 2011 - 14 October 2011
    Conference Papers | 1997
    Skyllas-Kazacos M; Menictas C, 1997, 'Vanadium redox battery for emergency back-up applications', in INTELEC, International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Proceedings), pp. 463 - 471
    Conference Papers | 1994
    Menictas C; Hong DR; Yan ZH; Wilson YJ; Kazacos M; Skyllas-Kazacos M, 1994, 'Status of the vanadium redox battery development program', in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 299 - 303