Professor Emma Johnston

Professor Emma Johnston

Adjunct Professor

BSc.Hons., PhD (Melbourne)

Science
School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences

Emma Johnston was formerly the Dean of Science, and Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research) at UNSW, and continues to be an Adjunct Professor. She is currently Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) at the University of Sydney.

Professor Johnston has an exceptional research career.  She is head of the Applied Marine and Estuarine Ecology Lab at UNSW, and has led major research projects for industry, government, the Australian Research Council and the Australian Antarctic Science Program.  She was the inaugural director of the Sydney Harbour Research Program at the Sydney Institute of Marine Science.

She leads a large and friendly research group that includes postdocs, research assistants and students at all levels (PhD, Masters, Honours and undergraduates). They approach their research from both an ecological and ecotoxicological perspective using field experimentation wherever possible.

Major Research Themes

Estuarine Health

Estuaries are widely considered the most impacted of all marine habitats, and more than half of Australian estuaries are disturbed by anthropogenic activities to some degree. Most are subject to combinations of stressors from industry, agriculture, urbanisation and coastal development. This program aims to identify processes and interactions that drive impacts in an effort to develop targeted and effective management strategies to conserve biodiversity in these systems

Antarctic Marine Communities

Antarctica is no longer considered a pristine environment and the impact of human activity is likely to increase in coming years. This project compares the vulnerability of Antarctic assemblages to those of other regions and provides information on the responses of individuals, populations and communities to environmental stressors.

Marine Biological Invasions

This program aims to determine the major drivers of marine bioinvasions. We investigate whether disturbance facilitates the colonisation, persistence or spread of non-native species and how biological diversity modifies this response.

  • Book Chapters | 2021
    Clark GF; Gacutan J; Lawther R; Johnston EL; Tait H; Bednarz T, 2021, 'A visualization tool for citizen-science marine debris big data', in Source-to-Sea Management, Routledge, pp. 76 - 88, http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003241430-6
    Book Chapters | 2017
    Birrer SC; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL, 2017, 'Microbial community responses to contaminants and the use of molecular techniques', in Microbial Ecotoxicology, Springer, pp. 165 - 183, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61795-4_8
    Book Chapters | 2017
    Johnston EL; Dafforn KA; Clark GF; Rius M; Floerl O, 2017, 'How Anthropogenic Activities Affect the Establishment and Spread of Non-Indigenous Species Post-Arrival', in Oceanography and Marine Biology, CRC Press, pp. 389 - 419, http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21944-6
    Book Chapters | 2017
    Johnston EL; Dafforn KA; Clark GF; Rius M; Floerl O, 2017, 'How anthropogenic activities affect the establishment and spread of non-indigenous species post-arrival', in Hawkins SJ; Evans AJ; Dale AC; Firth LB; Hughes DJ; Smith IP (ed.), Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, pp. 389 - 419, http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21944
    Book Chapters | 2015
    Johnston EL; Mayer-Pinto M, 2015, 'Pollution: Effects of chemical contaminants and debris', in Marine Ecosystems: Human Impacts on Biodiversity, Functioning and Services, Cambridge University Press, pp. 244 - 273, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139794763.009
    Book Chapters | 2014
    Dafforn KA; Baird DJ; Chariton AA; Sun MY; Brown MV; Simpson SL; Kelaher BP; Johnston EL, 2014, 'Chapter One Faster, Higher and Stronger? The Pros and Cons of Molecular Faunal Data for Assessing Ecosystem Condition', in Big Data in Ecology, Elsevier, pp. 1 - 40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-099970-8.00003-8
    Book Chapters | 2011
    Johnston E, 2011, 'Tolerance to contaminants: Evidence from chronically exposed populations of aquatic organisms.', in Amiard-Triquet C; Rainbow PS; Romeo M (ed.), Tolerance to Environmental Contaminants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, pp. 25 - 48
    Book Chapters | 2009
    Johnston E; Piola RF; Clark GF, 2009, 'The role of propagule pressure in marine invasions.', in Rilov G; Crooks JA (ed.), Marine Bioinvasions: Ecology, Conservation, and Management Perspectives, edn. Original, Springer, Berlin, pp. 133 - 147
    Book Chapters | 2009
    Johnston EL; Piola RF; Clark GF, 2009, 'The Role of Propagule Pressure in Invasion Success', in Ecological Studies, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 133 - 151, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79236-9_7
  • Journal articles | 2024
    Bracewell SA; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2024, 'Variation in Successional Dynamics Shape Biodiversity Patterns over a Tropical-Temperate Latitudinal Gradient', The American naturalist, 204, pp. 327 - 344, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/731905
    Journal articles | 2024
    Ferguson A; Filippini G; Potts J; Bugnot AB; Johnston EL; Rao S; Ruszczyk J; Dafforn KA, 2024, 'Benthic Processes are an Important Indicator of Eutrophication in Intermittently Open and Closed Lakes and Lagoons', Estuaries and Coasts, 47, pp. 2324 - 2340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01430-y
    Journal articles | 2024
    Kim F; Johnston EL; Fan Y, 2024, 'A topic model analysis of students' gendered expectations using surveyed critiques of lecturers', Frontiers in Education, 9, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1296771
    Journal articles | 2024
    Kim F; Williams LA; Johnston EL; Fan Y, 2024, 'Bias intervention messaging in student evaluations of teaching: The role of gendered perceptions of bias', Heliyon, 10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37140
    Journal articles | 2024
    Scanes E; Kutti T; Fang JKH; Johnston EL; Ross PM; Bannister RJ, 2024, 'The long-lived deep-sea bivalve Acesta excavata is sensitive to the dual stressors of sediment and warming', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 202, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116323
    Journal articles | 2024
    Schaefer N; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Clark GF; Mayer-Pinto M, 2024, 'Investigating the interactive effects of habitat type and light intensity on rocky shores', Oecologia, 205, pp. 627 - 642, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05591-2
    Journal articles | 2024
    Steinberg RK; Turnbull J; Ainsworth TD; Dafforn KA; Poore AGB; Johnston EL, 2024, 'Impacts of necrotising disease on the Endangered cauliflower soft coral (Dendronephthya australis)', Marine and Freshwater Research, 75, pp. null - null, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF23144
    Journal articles | 2024
    Zaiko A; Cardeccia A; Carlton JT; Clark GF; Creed JC; Davidson I; Floerl O; Galil B; Grosholz E; Hopkins GA; Johnston EL; Kotta J; Marchini A; Ojaveer H; Ruiz G; Therriault TW; Inglis GJ, 2024, 'Structural and functional effects of global invasion pressure on benthic marine communities—patterns, challenges and priorities', Diversity and Distributions, 30, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13838
    Journal articles | 2023
    Bracewell SA; Barros TL; Mayer-Pinto M; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Johnston EL, 2023, 'Contaminant pulse following wildfire is associated with shifts in estuarine benthic communities', Environmental Pollution, 316, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120533
    Journal articles | 2023
    Clarke LJ; Shaw JD; Suter L; Atalah J; Bergstrom DM; Biersma E; Convey P; Greve M; Holland O; Houghton MJ; Hughes KA; Johnston EL; King CK; McCarthy AH; McGaughran A; Pertierra LR; Robinson SA; Sherman CDH; Stark JS; Stevens MI; Strugnell JM; Ammon UV; Wilson NG; Zaiko A; Macdonald AJ, 2023, 'An expert-driven framework for applying eDNA tools to improve biosecurity in the Antarctic', Management of Biological Invasions, 14, pp. 379 - 402, http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2023.14.3.01
    Journal articles | 2023
    Gacutan J; Tait H; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2023, 'Assessing human and physical drivers of macro-plastic debris spatially across Queensland, Australia', Environmental Pollution, 330, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121731
    Journal articles | 2023
    Gonzalez SV; Dafforn KA; Gribben PE; O'Connor WA; Johnston EL, 2023, 'Organic enrichment reduces sediment bacterial and archaeal diversity, composition, and functional profile independent of bioturbator activity', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 196, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115608
    Journal articles | 2023
    Mayer-Pinto M; Bugnot AB; Johnston EL; Potts J; Airoldi L; Glasby TM; Strain EMA; Scanes P; Ushiama S; Dafforn KA, 2023, 'Physical and biogenic complexity mediates ecosystem functions in urban sessile marine communities', Journal of Applied Ecology, 60, pp. 480 - 493, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14347
    Journal articles | 2023
    Schaefer N; Mayer-Pinto M; Johnston EL; Dafforn KA, 2023, 'Understanding the role of microhabitats in intertidal rock pools to guide future eco-engineering designs', Marine Biology, 170, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04196-2
    Journal articles | 2023
    Sherow B; Gacutan J; Tait H; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2023, 'Land use and COVID-19 lockdowns influence debris composition and abundance in stormwater drains', Science of the Total Environment, 871, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161908
    Journal articles | 2022
    Barros TL; Bracewell SA; Mayer-Pinto M; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Farrell M; Johnston EL, 2022, 'Wildfires cause rapid changes to estuarine benthic habitat', Environmental Pollution, 308, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119571
    Journal articles | 2022
    Beloe CJ; Browne MA; Johnston EL, 2022, 'Plastic Debris As a Vector for Bacterial Disease: An Interdisciplinary Systematic Review', Environmental Science and Technology, 56, pp. 2950 - 2958, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c05405
    Journal articles | 2022
    Gacutan J; Galparsoro I; Pınarbaşı K; Murillas A; Adewumi IJ; Praphotjanaporn T; Johnston EL; Findlay KP; Milligan BM, 2022, 'Marine spatial planning and ocean accounting: Synergistic tools enhancing integration in ocean governance', Marine Policy, 136, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104936
    Journal articles | 2022
    Gacutan J; Johnston EL; Tait H; Smith W; Clark GF, 2022, 'Continental patterns in marine debris revealed by a decade of citizen science', Science of the Total Environment, 807, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150742
    Journal articles | 2022
    Herbert-Read JE; Thornton A; Amon DJ; Birchenough SNR; Côté IM; Dias MP; Godley BJ; Keith SA; McKinley E; Peck LS; Calado R; Defeo O; Degraer S; Johnston EL; Kaartokallio H; Macreadie PI; Metaxas A; Muthumbi AWN; Obura DO; Paterson DM; Piola AR; Richardson AJ; Schloss IR; Snelgrove PVR; Stewart BD; Thompson PM; Watson GJ; Worthington TA; Yasuhara M; Sutherland WJ, 2022, 'A global horizon scan of issues impacting marine and coastal biodiversity conservation', Nature Ecology and Evolution, 6, pp. 1262 - 1270, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01812-0
    Journal articles | 2022
    Johnston EL; Clark GF; Bruno JF, 2022, 'The speeding up of marine ecosystems', Climate Change Ecology, 3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecochg.2022.100055
    Journal articles | 2022
    Kelaher BP; Clark GF; Johnston EL; Ingleton T; Knott NA; Coleman MA, 2022, 'Desalination Discharge Influences the Composition of Reef Invertebrate and Fish Assemblages', Environmental Science and Technology, 56, pp. 11300 - 11309, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00723
    Journal articles | 2022
    Martinez AS; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Filippini G; Potts J; Mayer-Pinto M, 2022, 'Variations in benthic fluxes of sediments near pier pilings and natural rocky reefs', Marine Environmental Research, 177, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105640
    Journal articles | 2022
    Miller C; Kwok H; Harrow P; Vega R; Seward E; Mehta S; Rahman F; McCartney S; Parisi I; Lim SH; Sharma E; Samaan MA; Bancil A; Kok KB; Shalabi A; Johnston EL; Katarey D; Taherzadeh N; Murray C; Sharip MT; Carter MJ; Radhakrishnan ST; Peake S; Khakoo I; Wahed M; Povlsen S; Patel M; DuBois P; Finkel J; Onnie C; Bloom S, 2022, 'Comparative effectiveness of a second-line biologic in patients with ulcerative colitis: vedolizumab followed by an anti-TNF versus anti-TNF followed by vedolizumab', FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY, 13, pp. 392 - 401, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2021-101906
    Journal articles | 2022
    Sherow BA; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2022, 'Piers are hotspots for benthic marine debris in an urbanised estuary', PLoS ONE, 17, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274512
    Journal articles | 2022
    Steinberg RK; Ainsworth TD; Moriarty T; Bednarek T; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL, 2022, 'Bleaching Susceptibility and Resistance of Octocorals and Anemones at the World’s Southern-Most Coral Reef', Frontiers in Physiology, 13, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.804193
    Journal articles | 2022
    Vadillo Gonzalez S; Clark GF; Johnston EL; Turney CSM; Fogwill CJ; Steinberg PD; Marzinelli EM, 2022, 'Spatial variation in microbial communities associated with sea-ice algae in Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica', Microbiology (United Kingdom), 168, http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001176
    Journal articles | 2021
    Birrer SC; Wemheuer F; Dafforn KA; Gribben PE; Steinberg PD; Simpson SL; Potts J; Scanes P; Doblin MA; Johnston EL, 2021, 'Legacy Metal Contaminants and Excess Nutrients in Low Flow Estuarine Embayments Alter Composition and Function of Benthic Bacterial Communities', Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.661177
    Journal articles | 2021
    Bracewell SA; Dafforn KA; Lavender JT; Clark GF; Johnston EL, 2021, 'Latitudinal variation in the diversity–disturbance relationship demonstrates the context dependence of disturbance impacts', Global Ecology and Biogeography, 30, pp. 1389 - 1402, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13305
    Journal articles | 2021
    Bugnot AB; Mayer-Pinto M; Airoldi L; Heery EC; Johnston EL; Critchley LP; Strain EMA; Morris RL; Loke LHL; Bishop MJ; Sheehan EV; Coleman RA; Dafforn KA, 2021, 'Current and projected global extent of marine built structures', Nature Sustainability, 4, pp. 33 - 41, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00595-1
    Journal articles | 2021
    Clark GF; Gacutan J; Lawther R; Johnston EL; Tait H; Bednarz T, 2021, 'A visualization tool for citizen-science marine debris big data', Water International, 46, pp. 211 - 223, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2021.1888495
    Journal articles | 2021
    Griffin KJ; Hedge LH; Warton DI; Astles KL; Johnston EL, 2021, 'Modeling recreational fishing intensity in a complex urbanised estuary', Journal of Environmental Management, 279, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111529
    Journal articles | 2021
    Ruprecht JE; Birrer SC; Dafforn KA; Mitrovic SM; Crane SL; Johnston EL; Wemheuer F; Navarro A; Harrison AJ; Turner IL; Glamore WC, 2021, 'Wastewater effluents cause microbial community shifts and change trophic status', Water Research, 200, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117206
    Journal articles | 2021
    Steinberg RK; Johnston EL; Bednarek T; Dafforn KA; Ainsworth TD, 2021, 'Its What’s on the Inside That Counts: An Effective, Efficient, and Streamlined Method for Quantification of Octocoral Symbiodiniaceae and Chlorophyll', Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.710730
    Journal articles | 2021
    Strain EMA; Steinberg PD; Vozzo M; Johnston EL; Abbiati M; Aguilera MA; Airoldi L; Aguirre JD; Ashton G; Bernardi M; Brooks P; Chan BKK; Cheah CB; Chee SY; Coutinho R; Crowe T; Davey A; Firth LB; Fraser C; Hanley ME; Hawkins SJ; Knick KE; Lau ETC; Leung KMY; McKenzie C; Macleod C; Mafanya S; Mancuso FP; Messano LVR; Naval-Xavier LPD; Ng TPT; O'Shaughnessy KA; Pattrick P; Perkins MJ; Perkol-Finkel S; Porri F; Ross DJ; Ruiz G; Sella I; Seitz R; Shirazi R; Thiel M; Thompson RC; Yee JC; Zabin C; Bishop MJ, 2021, 'A global analysis of complexity–biodiversity relationships on marine artificial structures', Global Ecology and Biogeography, 30, pp. 140 - 153, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13202
    Journal articles | 2021
    Turnbull JW; Clark GF; Johnston EL, 2021, 'Conceptualising sustainability through environmental stewardship and virtuous cycles—a new empirically-grounded model', Sustainability Science, 16, pp. 1475 - 1487, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00981-4
    Journal articles | 2021
    Turnbull JW; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2021, 'Evaluating the social and ecological effectiveness of partially protected marine areas', Conservation Biology, 35, pp. 921 - 932, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13677
    Journal articles | 2021
    Vadillo Gonzalez S; Johnston EL; Dafforn KA; O'Connor WA; Gribben PE, 2021, 'Body size affects lethal and sublethal responses to organic enrichment: Evidence of associational susceptibility for an infaunal bivalve', Marine Environmental Research, 169, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105391
    Journal articles | 2021
    Vozzo ML; Mayer-Pinto M; Bishop MJ; Cumbo VR; Bugnot AB; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Steinberg PD; Strain EMA, 2021, 'Making seawalls multifunctional: The positive effects of seeded bivalves and habitat structure on species diversity and filtration rates', Marine Environmental Research, 165, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105243
    Journal articles | 2020
    Browne MA; Ros M; Johnston EL, 2020, 'Pore-size and polymer affect the ability of filters for washing-machines to reduce domestic emissions of fibres to sewage', PLoS ONE, 15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234248
    Journal articles | 2020
    Kelaher BP; Clark GF; Johnston EL; Coleman MA, 2020, 'Effect of Desalination Discharge on the Abundance and Diversity of Reef Fishes', Environmental Science and Technology, 54, pp. 735 - 744, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03565
    Journal articles | 2020
    Mayer-Pinto M; Ledet J; Crowe TP; Johnston EL, 2020, 'Sublethal effects of contaminants on marine habitat-forming species: a review and meta-analysis', Biological Reviews, 95, pp. 1554 - 1573, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12630
    Journal articles | 2020
    Ruprecht JE; Glamore WC; Dafforn KA; Wemheuer F; Crane SL; van Dorst J; Johnston EL; Mitrovic SM; Turner IL; Ferrari BC; Birrer SC, 2020, 'A novel real-world ecotoxicological dataset of pelagic microbial community responses to wastewater', Scientific Data, 7, pp. 158, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0496-5
    Journal articles | 2020
    Schaefer N; Mayer-Pinto M; Griffin KJ; Johnston EL; Glamore W; Dafforn KA, 2020, 'Predicting the impact of sea-level rise on intertidal rocky shores with remote sensing', Journal of Environmental Management, 261, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110203
    Journal articles | 2020
    Steinberg RK; Dafforn KA; Ainsworth T; Johnston EL, 2020, 'Know Thy Anemone: A Review of Threats to Octocorals and Anemones and Opportunities for Their Restoration', Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00590
    Journal articles | 2020
    Turnbull JW; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2020, 'LESI: A quantitative indicator to measure local environmental stewardship', MethodsX, 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101141
    Journal articles | 2020
    Turnbull JW; Johnston EL; Kajlich L; Clark GF, 2020, 'Quantifying local coastal stewardship reveals motivations, models and engagement strategies', Biological Conservation, 249, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108714
    Journal articles | 2020
    Wemheuer F; Taylor JA; Daniel R; Johnston E; Meinicke P; Thomas T; Wemheuer B, 2020, 'Tax4Fun2: Prediction of habitat-specific functional profiles and functional redundancy based on 16S rRNA gene sequences', Environmental Microbiomes, 15, pp. 11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-020-00358-7
    Journal articles | 2019
    Birrer SC; Dafforn KA; Sun MY; Williams RBH; Potts J; Scanes P; Kelaher BP; Simpson SL; Kjelleberg S; Swarup S; Steinberg P; Johnston EL, 2019, 'Using meta-omics of contaminated sediments to monitor changes in pathways relevant to climate regulation', Environmental Microbiology, 21, pp. 389 - 401, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14470
    Journal articles | 2019
    Bolton DK; Clark GF; Johnston EL, 2019, 'Novel in situ predator exclusion method reveals the relative effects of macro and mesopredators on sessile invertebrates in the field', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 513, pp. 13 - 20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2019.02.002
    Journal articles | 2019
    Clark GF; Pastorino S; Marzinelli EM; Turney CSM; Fogwill CJ; Johnston EL, 2019, 'Nearshore marine communities at three New Zealand sub-Antarctic islands', Polar Biology, 42, pp. 2193 - 2203, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02591-4
    Journal articles | 2019
    Fan Y; Shepherd LJ; Slavich E; Waters D; Stone M; Abel R; Johnston EL, 2019, 'Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters', PLoS ONE, 14, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209749
    Journal articles | 2019
    Filippini G; Bugnot AB; Johnston EL; Ruszczyk J; Potts J; Scanes P; Ferguson A; Ostrowski M; Varkey D; Dafforn KA, 2019, 'Sediment bacterial communities associated with environmental factors in Intermittently Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs)', Science of the Total Environment, 693, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.268
    Journal articles | 2019
    Gonzalez SV; Johnston E; Gribben PE; Dafforn K, 2019, 'The application of bioturbators for aquatic bioremediation: Review and meta-analysis', Environmental Pollution, 250, pp. 426 - 436, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.023
    Journal articles | 2019
    Honap S; Johnston E; Al-Hakim B; Sanderson JD, 2019, 'Su1933 – Anti-Mycobacterium Paratuberculous Therapy in Crohn’s Disease: Outcomes from Tertiary IBD Referral Centres', Gastroenterology, 156, pp. S - 666, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(19)38570-1
    Journal articles | 2019
    Lachnit T; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Steinberg P, 2019, 'Contrasting distributions of bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses from contaminated coastal sediments', Environmental Microbiology, 21, pp. 1929 - 1941, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14340
    Journal articles | 2019
    Macolino AC; Dafforn KA; Hedge LH; Poore AGB; Johnston EL, 2019, 'Fine-scale effects of boat moorings on soft sediment communities masked in large-scale comparisons', Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, pp. 101, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00101
    Journal articles | 2019
    Mayer-Pinto M; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL, 2019, 'A Decision Framework for Coastal Infrastructure to Optimize Biotic Resistance and Resilience in a Changing Climate', BioScience, 69, pp. 833 - 843, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz092
    Journal articles | 2019
    O'Brien AL; Dafforn KA; Chariton AA; Johnston EL; Mayer-Pinto M, 2019, 'After decades of stressor research in urban estuarine ecosystems the focus is still on single stressors: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis', Science of the Total Environment, 684, pp. 753 - 764, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.131
    Journal articles | 2019
    Schaefer N; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Mayer-Pinto M, 2019, 'Size, depth and position affect the diversity and structure of rock pool communities in an urban estuary (vol 70, pg 1034, 2018)', MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH, 70, pp. 1045 - +, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF18074_CO
    Journal articles | 2019
    Schaefer N; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Mayer-Pinto M, 2019, 'Size, depth and position affect the diversity and structure of rock pool communities in an urban estuary', Marine and Freshwater Research, 70, pp. 1034 - 1044, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF18074
    Journal articles | 2019
    Strain EMA; Morris RL; Coleman RA; Figueira WF; Steinberg PD; Johnston EL; Bishop MJ, 2019, 'Corrigendum to “Increasing microhabitat complexity on seawalls can reduce fish predation on native oysters” [Ecol. Eng. 120 (2018) 637–644](S0925857417302938)(10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.05.030)', Ecological Engineering, 131, pp. 135, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.02.005
    Journal articles | 2019
    Ushiama S; Mayer-Pinto M; Bugnot AB; Johnston EL; Dafforn KA, 2019, 'Eco-engineering increases habitat availability and utilisation of seawalls by fish', Ecological Engineering, 138, pp. 403 - 411, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.07.022
    Journal articles | 2018
    Birrer SC; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Kelaher BP; Potts J; Scanes P; Johnston EL, 2018, 'Interactive effects of multiple stressors revealed by sequencing total (DNA) and active (RNA) components of experimental sediment microbial communities', Science of the Total Environment, 637-638, pp. 1383 - 1394, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.065
    Journal articles | 2018
    Bolton DK; Johnston EL; Coleman MA; Clark GF, 2018, 'Caught between a rock and a hard place: Fish predation interacts with crevice width and orientation to explain sessile assemblage structure', Marine Environmental Research, 140, pp. 31 - 40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.03.001
    Journal articles | 2018
    Bracewell SA; Clark GF; Johnston EL, 2018, 'Habitat complexity effects on diversity and abundance differ with latitude: an experimental study over 20 degrees', Ecology, 99, pp. 1964 - 1974, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2408
    Journal articles | 2018
    Bugnot AB; Lyons MB; Scanes P; Clark GF; Fyfe SK; Lewis A; Johnston EL, 2018, 'A novel framework for the use of remote sensing for monitoring catchments at continental scales', Journal of Environmental Management, 217, pp. 939 - 950, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.058
    Journal articles | 2018
    Bugnot AB; Mayer-Pinto M; Johnston EL; Schaefer N; Dafforn KA; Mayer Pinto M, 2018, 'Learning from nature to enhance Blue engineering of marine infrastructure', Ecological Engineering, 120, pp. 611 - 621, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.03.012
    Journal articles | 2018
    Clark GF; Knott NA; Miller BM; Kelaher BP; Coleman MA; Ushiama S; Johnston EL, 2018, 'First large-scale ecological impact study of desalination outfall reveals trade-offs in effects of hypersalinity and hydrodynamics', Water Research, 145, pp. 757 - 768, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.071
    Journal articles | 2018
    Domínguez-Tejo E; Metternicht G; Johnston EL; Hedge L, 2018, 'Exploring the social dimension of sandy beaches through predictive modelling', Journal of Environmental Management, 214, pp. 379 - 407, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.006
    Journal articles | 2018
    Halstead JE; Smith JA; Carter EA; Lay PA; Johnston EL, 2018, 'Assessment tools for microplastics and natural fibres ingested by fish in an urbanised estuary', Environmental Pollution, 234, pp. 552 - 561, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.085
    Journal articles | 2018
    Johnston EL, 2018, 'Why are scientists so quiet? Cultural and philosophical constraints on the public voice of the scientist', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 151, pp. 50 - 58
    Journal articles | 2018
    Lanham BS; Vergés A; Hedge LH; Johnston EL; Poore AGB, 2018, 'Altered fish community and feeding behaviour in close proximity to boat moorings in an urban estuary', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 129, pp. 43 - 51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.010
    Journal articles | 2018
    Lawes JC; Clark GF; Johnston EL, 2018, 'Disentangling settlement responses to nutrient-rich contaminants: Elevated nutrients impact marine invertebrate recruitment via water-borne and substrate-bound cues', Science of the Total Environment, 645, pp. 984 - 992, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.234
    Journal articles | 2018
    Lee AL; Dafforn KA; Hutchings PA; Johnston EL, 2018, 'Reproductive strategy and gamete development of an invasive fanworm, sabella spallanzanii (polychaeta: Sabellidae), a field study in gulf st vincent, South Australia', PLoS ONE, 13, pp. e0200027, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200027
    Journal articles | 2018
    Marzinelli EM; Qiu Z; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Steinberg PD; Mayer-Pinto M; Mayer Pinto M, 2018, 'Coastal urbanisation affects microbial communities on a dominant marine holobiont', npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, 4, pp. 1, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-017-0044-z
    Journal articles | 2018
    Mayer-Pinto M; Cole VJ; Johnston EL; Bugnot A; Hurst H; Airoldi L; Glasby TM; Dafforn KA; Mayer Pinto M, 2018, 'Functional and structural responses to marine urbanisation', Environmental Research Letters, 13, pp. 014009, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa98a5
    Journal articles | 2018
    Mayer-Pinto M; Dafforn KA; Bugnot AB; Glasby TM; Johnston EL; Mayer Pinto M, 2018, 'Artificial structures alter kelp functioning across an urbanised estuary', Marine Environmental Research, 139, pp. 136 - 143, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.004
    Journal articles | 2018
    Reeds KA; Smith JA; Suthers IM; Johnston EL, 2018, 'An ecological halo surrounding a large offshore artificial reef: Sediments, infauna, and fish foraging', Marine Environmental Research, 141, pp. 30 - 38, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.011
    Journal articles | 2018
    Scanes E; Kutti T; Fang JKH; Johnston EL; Ross PM; Bannister RJ, 2018, 'Mine waste and acute warming induce energetic stress in the deep-sea sponge Geodia atlantica and coral Primnoa resedeaformis; results from a mesocosm study', Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, pp. 129, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00129
    Journal articles | 2018
    Strain EMA; Morris RL; Coleman RA; Figueira WF; Steinberg PD; Johnston EL; Bishop MJ, 2018, 'Increasing microhabitat complexity on seawalls can reduce fish predation on native oysters', Ecological Engineering, 120, pp. 637 - 644, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.05.030
    Journal articles | 2018
    Tian C; Doblin MA; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Pei H; Hu W, 2018, 'Dinoflagellate cyst abundance is positively correlated to sediment organic carbon in Sydney Harbour and Botany Bay, NSW, Australia', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, pp. 5808 - 5821, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0886-1
    Journal articles | 2018
    Turnbull JW; Shah Esmaeili Y; Clark GF; Figueira WF; Johnston EL; Ferrari R, 2018, 'Key drivers of effectiveness in small marine protected areas', Biodiversity and Conservation, 27, pp. 2217 - 2242, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1532-z
    Journal articles | 2018
    Wemheuer F; Taylor J; Daniel R; Johnston E; Meinicke P; Thomas T; Wemheuer B, 2018, 'Tax4Fun2: a R-based tool for the rapid prediction of habitat-specific functional profiles and functional redundancy based on 16S rRNA gene marker gene sequences', , http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/490037
    Journal articles | 2017
    Bolton D; Mayer-Pinto M; Clark GF; Dafforn KA; Brassil WA; Becker A; Johnston EL; Mayer Pinto M, 2017, 'Coastal urban lighting has ecological consequences for multiple trophic levels under the sea', Science of the Total Environment, 576, pp. 1 - 9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.037
    Journal articles | 2017
    Bracewell SA; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2017, 'Latitudinal variation in the competition-colonisation trade-off reveals rate-mediated mechanisms of coexistence', Ecology Letters, 20, pp. 947 - 957, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12791
    Journal articles | 2017
    Clark GF; Stark JS; Johnston EL, 2017, 'Tolerance rather than competition leads to spatial dominance of an Antarctic bryozoan', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 486, pp. 222 - 229, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.10.008
    Journal articles | 2017
    Clark GF; Stark JS; Palmer AS; Riddle MJ; Johnston EL, 2017, 'The Roles of Sea-Ice, Light and Sedimentation in Structuring Shallow Antarctic Benthic Communities (vol 12, e0168391, 2017)', PLOS ONE, 12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173939
    Journal articles | 2017
    Clark GF; Stark JS; Palmer AS; Riddle MJ; Johnston EL, 2017, 'The roles of sea-ice, light and sedimentation in structuring shallow antarctic benthic communities', PLoS ONE, 12, pp. e0168391, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168391
    Journal articles | 2017
    Griffin KJ; Hedge LH; González-Rivero M; Hoegh-Guldberg OI; Johnston EL, 2017, 'An evaluation of semi-automated methods for collecting ecosystem-level data in temperate marine systems', Ecology and Evolution, 7, pp. 4640 - 4650, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3041
    Journal articles | 2017
    Hedge LH; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Johnston EL, 2017, 'Uncovering hidden heterogeneity: Geo-statistical models illuminate the fine scale effects of boating infrastructure on sediment characteristics and contaminants', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119, pp. 143 - 150, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.044
    Journal articles | 2017
    Heery EC; Bishop MJ; Critchley LP; Bugnot AB; Airoldi L; Mayer-Pinto M; Sheehan EV; Coleman RA; Loke LHL; Johnston EL; Komyakova V; Morris RL; Strain EMA; Naylor LA; Dafforn KA; Mayer Pinto M, 2017, 'Identifying the consequences of ocean sprawl for sedimentary habitats', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 492, pp. 31 - 48, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.020
    Journal articles | 2017
    Johnston EL, 2017, 'Why speak?', Journal of Science Communication, 16, http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.16010302
    Journal articles | 2017
    Lavender JT; Dafforn KA; Bishop MJ; Johnston EL, 2017, 'An empirical examination of consumer effects across twenty degrees of latitude', Ecology, 98, pp. 2391 - 2400, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1926
    Journal articles | 2017
    Lavender JT; Dafforn KA; Bishop MJ; Johnston EL, 2017, 'Small-scale habitat complexity of artificial turf influences the development of associated invertebrate assemblages', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 492, pp. 105 - 112, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.025
    Journal articles | 2017
    Lawes JC; Dafforn KA; Clark GF; Brown MV; Johnston EL, 2017, 'Multiple stressors in sediments impact adjacent hard substrate habitats and across biological domains', Science of the Total Environment, 592, pp. 295 - 305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.083
    Journal articles | 2017
    Mayer-Pinto M; Johnston EL; Bugnot AB; Glasby TM; Airoldi L; Mitchell A; Dafforn KA; Mayer Pinto M, 2017, 'Building ‘blue’: An eco-engineering framework for foreshore developments', Journal of Environmental Management, 189, pp. 109 - 114, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.039
    Journal articles | 2017
    Sutherland MD; Dafforn KA; Scanes P; Potts J; Simpson SL; Sim VXY; Johnston EL, 2017, 'Links between contaminant hotspots in low flow estuarine systems and altered sediment biogeochemical processes', Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 198, pp. 497 - 507, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.029
    Journal articles | 2016
    Baird DJ; Van Den Brink PJ; Chariton AA; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL, 2016, 'New diagnostics for multiply stressed marine and freshwater ecosystems: Integrating models, ecoinformatics and big data', Marine and Freshwater Research, 67, pp. 391 - 392, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF15330
    Journal articles | 2016
    Banks J; Hedge LH; Hoisington C; Strain EM; Steinberg PD; Johnston EL, 2016, 'Sydney Harbour: Beautiful, diverse, valuable and pressured', Regional Studies in Marine Science, 8, pp. 353 - 361, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2016.04.007
    Journal articles | 2016
    Banks JL; Hutchings P; Curley B; Hedge L; Creese B; Johnston E, 2016, 'Biodiversity conservation in Sydney Harbour', Pacific Conservation Biology, 22, pp. 98 - 109, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/PC15048
    Journal articles | 2016
    Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Ferguson A; Humphrey CL; Monk W; Nichols SJ; Simpson SL; Tulbure MG; Baird DJ, 2016, 'Big data opportunities and challenges for assessing multiple stressors across scales in aquatic ecosystems', Marine and Freshwater Research, 67, pp. 393 - 413, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF15108
    Journal articles | 2016
    Domínguez-Tejo E; Metternicht G; Johnston E; Hedge L, 2016, 'Marine Spatial Planning advancing the Ecosystem-Based Approach to coastal zone management: A review', Marine Policy, 72, pp. 115 - 130, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.06.023
    Journal articles | 2016
    Edge KJ; Johnston EL; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Kutti T; Bannister RJ, 2016, 'Sub-lethal effects of water-based drilling muds on the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti', Environmental Pollution, 212, pp. 525 - 534, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.047
    Journal articles | 2016
    Lawes JC; Clark GF; Johnston EL, 2016, 'Contaminant cocktails: Interactive effects of fertiliser and copper paint on marine invertebrate recruitment and mortality', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 102, pp. 148 - 159, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.040
    Journal articles | 2016
    Lawes JC; Neilan BA; Brown MV; Clark GF; Johnston EL, 2016, 'Elevated nutrients change bacterial community composition and connectivity: high throughput sequencing of young marine biofilms', Biofouling, 32, pp. 57 - 69, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2015.1126581
    Journal articles | 2016
    Scanes E; Johnston EL; Cole VJ; O’Connor WA; Parker LM; Ross PM, 2016, 'Quantifying abundance and distribution of native and invasive oysters in an urbanised estuary', Aquatic Invasions, 11, pp. 425 - 436, http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2016.11.4.07
    Journal articles | 2016
    Treloar G; Gunn J; Moltmann T; Dittmann S; Fletcher R; Hone P; Lee K; Minty L; Minchin S; Schiller A; Steinberg P; Lyons J; Babanin A; Doherty P; England M; Foster C; Johnston E; Steven A; Llewellyn L; Oliver J; Gupta AS; Sloyan B; Smith D; Smith T; Walshe T, 2016, 'The National Marine Science Plan: informing Australia’s future ocean policy', Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs, 8, pp. 43 - 51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2016.1173631
    Journal articles | 2016
    Ushiama S; Smith JA; Suthers IM; Lowry M; Johnston EL, 2016, 'The effects of substratum material and surface orientation on the developing epibenthic community on a designed artificial reef', Biofouling, 32, pp. 1049 - 1060, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2016.1224860
    Journal articles | 2015
    Byers JE; Smith RS; Pringle JM; Clark GF; Gribben PE; Hewitt CL; Inglis GJ; Johnston EL; Ruiz GM; Stachowicz JJ; Bishop MJ, 2015, 'Invasion Expansion: Time since introduction best predicts global ranges of marine invaders', Scientific Reports, 5, pp. 12436, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep12436
    Journal articles | 2015
    Clark GF; Kelaher BP; Dafforn KA; Coleman MA; Knott NA; Marzinelli EM; Johnston EL, 2015, 'What does impacted look like? High diversity and abundance of epibiota in modified estuaries', Environmental Pollution, 196, pp. 12 - 20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.017
    Journal articles | 2015
    Clark GF; Marzinelli EM; Fogwill CJ; Turney CSM; Johnston EL, 2015, 'Effects of sea-ice cover on marine benthic communities: a natural experiment in Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica', Polar Biology, 38, pp. 1213 - 1222, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1688-x
    Journal articles | 2015
    Clark GF; Raymond B; Riddle MJ; Stark JS; Johnston EL, 2015, 'Vulnerability of Antarctic shallow invertebrate-dominated ecosystems', Austral Ecology, 40, pp. 482 - 491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12237
    Journal articles | 2015
    Dafforn KA; Glasby TM; Airoldi L; Rivero NK; Mayer Pinto M; Johnston EL, 2015, 'Clarification on the applicability of systematic reviews. Reply.', Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 13, pp. 129 - 130, http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15.WB.004
    Journal articles | 2015
    Dafforn KA; Glasby TM; Airoldi L; Rivero NK; Mayer-Pinto M; Johnston EL; Mayer Pinto M, 2015, 'Marine urbanization: An ecological framework for designing multifunctional artificial structures', Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 13, pp. 82 - 90, http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/140050
    Journal articles | 2015
    Dafforn KA; Glasby TM; Airoldi L; Rivero NK; Pinto MM; Johnston EL, 2015, 'The authors' reply', Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 13, pp. 129 - 130, http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15.WB.004
    Journal articles | 2015
    Edge KJ; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Ringwood AH; Johnston EL, 2015, 'Resuspended contaminated sediments cause sublethal stress to oysters: A biomarker differentiates total suspended solids and contaminant effects', Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34, pp. 1345 - 1353, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2929
    Journal articles | 2015
    Gillies CL; Fitzsimons JA; Branigan S; Hale L; Hancock B; Creighton C; Alleway H; Bishop MJ; Brown S; Chamberlain D; Cleveland B; Crawford C; Crawford M; Diggles B; Ford JR; Hamer P; Hart A; Johnston E; Mcdonald T; Mcleod I; Pinner B; Russell K; Winstanley R, 2015, 'Scaling-up marine restoration efforts in Australia', Ecological Management and Restoration, 16, pp. 84 - 85, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12159
    Journal articles | 2015
    Johnston EL; Hedge LH; Mayer-Pinto M, 2015, 'The urgent global need to understand port and harbour ecosystems', Marine and Freshwater Research, 66, pp. i - ii, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MFv66n12_ED
    Journal articles | 2015
    Johnston EL; Mayer-Pinto M; Crowe TP; Mayer Pinto M, 2015, 'Chemical contaminant effects on marine ecosystem functioning', Journal of Applied Ecology, 52, pp. 140 - 149, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12355
    Journal articles | 2015
    Johnston EL; Mayer-Pinto M; Hutchings PA; Marzinelli EM; Ahyong ST; Birch G; Booth DJ; Creese RG; Doblin MA; Figueira W; Gribben PE; Pritchard T; Roughan M; Steinberg PD; Hedge LH; Mayer Pinto M, 2015, 'Sydney Harbour: What we do and do not know about a highly diverse estuary', Marine and Freshwater Research, 66, pp. 1073 - 1087, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF15159
    Journal articles | 2015
    Mayer-Pinto M; Johnston EL; Hutchings PA; Marzinelli EM; Ahyong ST; Birch G; Booth DJ; Creese RG; Doblin MA; Figueira W; Gribben PE; Pritchard T; Roughan M; Steinberg PD; Hedge LH; Mayer Pinto M, 2015, 'Sydney Harbour: A review of anthropogenic impacts on the biodiversity and ecosystem function of one of the world's largest natural harbours', Marine and Freshwater Research, 66, pp. 1088 - 1105, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF15157
    Journal articles | 2015
    Sim VXY; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Kelaher BP; Johnston EL, 2015, 'Sediment contaminants and infauna associated with recreational boating structures in a multi-use marine park', PLoS ONE, 10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130537
    Journal articles | 2015
    Tan ELY; Mayer-Pinto M; Johnston EL; Dafforn KA; Mayer Pinto M, 2015, 'Differences in intertidal microbial assemblages on urban structures and natural rocky reef', Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, pp. 1276, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01276
    Journal articles | 2015
    Ybarra ML; Mitchell KJ, 2015, 'It's More Than Just "Sext"-A Brief Discussion on Sexting Activity Among Teens Reply', JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH, 57, pp. 129 - 129, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.014
    Journal articles | 2014
    Dafforn KA; Baird DJ; Chariton AA; Sun MY; Brown MV; Simpson SL; Kelaher BP; Johnston EL, 2014, 'Faster, Higher and Stronger? The Pros and Cons of Molecular Faunal Data for Assessing Ecosystem Condition', Advances in Ecological Research, 51, pp. 1 - 40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-099970-8.00003-8
    Journal articles | 2014
    Edge KJ; Dafforn KA; Simpson SL; Roach AC; Johnston EL, 2014, 'A biomarker of contaminant exposure is effective in large scale assessment of ten estuaries', Chemosphere, 100, pp. 16 - 26, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.001
    Journal articles | 2014
    Hedge LH; Johnston EL, 2014, 'Colonisation of the non-indigenous pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas determined by predation, size and initial settlement densities', PLoS ONE, 9, pp. e90621, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090621
    Journal articles | 2014
    Hedge LH; Leung B; O'Connor WA; Johnston EL, 2014, 'The interacting effects of diversity and propagule pressure on early colonization and population size', Journal of Animal Ecology, 83, pp. 168 - 175, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12125
    Journal articles | 2014
    Hook SE; Johnston EL; Nair S; Roach AC; Moncuquet P; Twine NA; Raftos DA, 2014, 'Next generation sequence analysis of the transcriptome of Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) exposed to a range of environmental stressors', Marine Genomics, 18, pp. 109 - 111, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2014.08.003
    Journal articles | 2014
    Lavender JT; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL, 2014, 'Meso-predators: A confounding variable in consumer exclusion studies', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 456, pp. 26 - 33, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.03.008
    Journal articles | 2014
    Smith RS; Johnston EL; Clark GF, 2014, 'The role of habitat complexity in community development is mediated by resource availability', PLoS ONE, 9, pp. e102920, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102920
    Journal articles | 2013
    Clark GF; Johnston E; Leung B, 2013, 'Intrinsic time dependence in the diversity-invasibility relationship', Ecology, 94, pp. 25 - 31, http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0592.1
    Journal articles | 2013
    Clark GF; Stark JS; Johnston EL; Runcie JW; Goldsworthy PM; Raymond B; Riddle MJ, 2013, 'Light-driven tipping points in polar ecosystems', Global Change Biology, 19, pp. 3749 - 3761, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12337
    Journal articles | 2013
    Dafforn KA; Kelaher BP; Simpson SL; Coleman MA; Hutchings PA; Clark GF; Knott NA; Doblin MA; Johnston EL, 2013, 'Polychaete Richness and Abundance Enhanced in Anthropogenically Modified Estuaries Despite High Concentrations of Toxic Contaminants', PLoS ONE, 8, pp. e77018, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077018
    Journal articles | 2013
    Durrant HMS; Clark GF; Dworjanyn SA; Byrne M; Johnston EL, 2013, 'Seasonal variation in the effects of ocean warming and acidification on a native bryozoan, Celleporaria nodulosa', Marine Biology, 160, pp. 1903 - 1911, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2008-4
    Journal articles | 2013
    Gall ML; Holmes SP; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL, 2013, 'Differential tolerance to copper, but no evidence of population-level genetic differences in a widely-dispersing native barnacle', Ecotoxicology, 22, pp. 929 - 937, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1063-z
    Journal articles | 2013
    Hill NA; Simpson SL; Johnston E, 2013, 'Beyond the bed: Effects of metal contamination on recruitment to bedded sediments and overlying substrata', Environmental Pollution, 173, pp. 182 - 191, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.029
    Journal articles | 2013
    Ritchie EG; Bradshaw CJA; Dickman CR; Hobbs R; Johnson CN; Johnston EL; Laurance WF; Lindenmayer D; Mccarthy MA; Nimmo DG; Possingham HH; Pressey RL; Watson DM; Woinarski J, 2013, 'Continental-Scale Governance and the Hastening of Loss of Australia's Biodiversity', Conservation Biology, 27, pp. 1133 - 1135, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12189
    Journal articles | 2013
    Rivero NK; Dafforn KA; Coleman MA; Johnston EL, 2013, 'Environmental and ecological changes associated with a marina', Biofouling, 29, pp. 803 - 815, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2013.805751
    Journal articles | 2013
    Sun MY; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL; Brown MV, 2013, 'Core sediment bacteria drive community response to anthropogenic contamination over multiple environmental gradients', Environmental Microbiology, 15, pp. 2517 - 2531, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12133
    Journal articles | 2012
    Birdsey E; Johnston E; Poore AGB, 2012, 'Diversity and cover of a sessile animal assemblage does not predict its associated mobile fauna.', Marine Biology, 159, pp. 551 - 560, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1834-0
    Journal articles | 2012
    Dafforn KA; Glasby T; Johnston E, 2012, 'Comparing the invasibility of experimental "reefs" with field observations of natural reefs and artificial structures', PLoS One, 7, pp. Article number e38124, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038124
    Journal articles | 2012
    Dafforn KA; Simspon S; Kelaher BP; Komyakova V; Wong CK; Clark GF; Johnston E; Simpson S, 2012, 'The challenge of choosing environmental indicators of anthropogenic impacts in estuaries.', Environmental Pollution, 163, pp. 207 - 217, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.029
    Journal articles | 2012
    Edge K; Johnston E; Roach A; Ringwood A, 2012, 'Indicators of environmental stress: Cellular biomarkers and reproductive responses in the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata).', Ecotoxicology, 21, pp. 1415 - 1425, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0895-2
    Journal articles | 2012
    Gall ML; Poore AGB; Johnston E, 2012, 'A biomonitor as a measure of ecologically-significant fraction of metals in an industrialised harbour.', Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14, pp. 830 - 838, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2em10880a
    Journal articles | 2012
    Hedge ; O''Connor WA; Johnston E, 2012, 'Manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure: implications for bio-invasion', Ecosphere, 3(6), pp. 1 - 13, http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-000375.1
    Journal articles | 2012
    Hedge L; Johnston E, 2012, 'Propagule pressure determines recruitment from a commercial shipping pier.', Biofouling, 28, pp. 73 - 85, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2011.652622
    Journal articles | 2012
    Johnston E; Mckenzie LA; Brooks RC, 2012, 'Using clones and copper to resolve the genetic architecture of metal tolerance in a marine invader.', Ecology and Evolution, 2, pp. 1319 - 1329, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.241
    Journal articles | 2012
    McKenzie LA; Brooks RC; Johnston E, 2012, 'A widespread contaminant enhances invasion success of a marine invader', Journal of Applied Ecology, 49, pp. 767 - 773, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02158.x
    Journal articles | 2012
    Mckinley A; Taylor MD; Johnston E, 2012, 'Relationships between body burdens of trace metals (As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Se, and Zn) and the relative body size of small tooth flounder (Pseudorhombus jenynsii)', Science of the Total Environment, 423, pp. 84 - 94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.007
    Journal articles | 2012
    Sun MY; Dafforn KA; Brown MV; Johnston E, 2012, 'Bacterial communities are sensitive indicators of contaminant stress.', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64, pp. 1029 - 1038, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.035
    Journal articles | 2011
    Clark GF; Johnston E, 2011, 'Temporal change in the diversity-invasibility relationship in the presence of a disturbance regime', Ecology Letters, 14, pp. 52 - 57
    Journal articles | 2011
    Clark GF; Stark JS; Hill NA; Perrett LA; Johnston E, 2011, 'Algal canopy as a proxy for the disturbance history of understorey communities in East Antarctica.', Polar Biology, 34, pp. 781 - 790, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0931-8
    Journal articles | 2011
    Dafforn KA; Lewis JA; Johnston E, 2011, 'Antifouling strategies: History and regulation, ecological impacts and mitigation', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, pp. 453 - 465, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.012
    Journal articles | 2011
    Hill NA; Johnston E; King CK; Simspon S, 2011, 'Physico-chemical changes in metal spiked sediments deployed in the field: Implications for the interpretation of in situ studies.', Chemosphere, 83, pp. 400 - 408, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.089
    Journal articles | 2011
    Johnston E; Marzinelli E; Wood CA; Speranza D; Bishop JDD, 2011, 'Bearing the burden of boat harbours: heavy contaminant and fouling loads in a native habitat-forming alga', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, pp. 2137 - 2144, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.009
    Journal articles | 2011
    Mckenzie LA; Brooks RC; Johnston E, 2011, 'Heritable pollution tolerance in a marine invader', Environmental Research, 111, pp. 926 - 932, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.12.007
    Journal articles | 2011
    Mckinley A; Coleman M; Knott N; Clark GF; Taylor M; Ryan L; Johnston E, 2011, 'Putting marine sanctuaries into context: A comparison of estuary fish assemblages over multiple levels of protection and modification.', Aquatic Conservation - Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 21, pp. 636 - 648, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1223
    Journal articles | 2011
    Mckinley A; Dafforn KA; Taylor MD; Johnston E, 2011, 'High levels of sediment contamination have little influence on estuarine beach fish communities', PLoS One, 6, pp. Article no. e26353, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026353
    Journal articles | 2011
    Mckinley A; Miskiewiecz A; Taylor MD; Johnston E; Miskiewicz A, 2011, 'Strong links between metal contamination, habitat modification and estuarine larval fish distributions.', Environmental Pollution, 159, pp. 1499 - 1509, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.008
    Journal articles | 2011
    Simberloff D; Alexander J; Allendorf F; Aronson J; Antunes PM; Bacher S; Bardgett R; Bertolino S; Bishop M; Blackburn TM; Blakeslee A; Blumenthal D; Bortolus A; Buckley R; Buckley Y; Byers J; M. R; Campbell F; Campbell K; Campbell M; Carlton JT; Cassey P; Catford J; Celesti-Grapow L; Chapman J; Clark P; Clewell A; Canning Clode J; Chang A; Chytrý M; Clout M; Cohen A; Cowan P; Cowie RH; Crall AW; Crooks J; Deveney M; Dixon K; Dobbs FC; Cameron Duffy D; Duncan R; Ehrlich PR; Eldredge L; Evenhuis N; Fausch KD; Feldhaar H; Firn J; Fowler A; Galil B; Garcia-Berthou E; Geller J; Genovesi P; Gerber E; Gherardi F; Gollasch S; Gordon D; Graham J; Gribben P; Griffen B; Grosholz ED; Hewitt C; Hierro JL; Hulme P; Hutchings P; Jarošík V; Johnson C; Johnson L; Johnston EL; Jones CG; Keller R; King CM; G. J. Knols B; Kollmann J; Kompas T; Kotanen PM; Kowarik I; Kühn I; Kumschick S; Leung B; Liebhold A; MacIsaac H; Mack R; G. McCullough D; McDonald R; Merritt DM; Meyerson L; Minchin D; Mooney HA; Morisette JT; Moyle P; Müller-Schärer H; Murray BR; Nehring S; Nelson W; Nentwig W; Novak SJ; Occhipinti A; Ojaveer H; Osborne B; Ostfeld RS, 2011, 'Non-natives: 141 scientists object', Nature, 475, pp. 36, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/475036a
    Journal articles | 2010
    Burton GA; Johnston E, 2010, 'Assessing contaminated sediments in the context of multiple stressors', Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29, pp. 2625 - 2643, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.332
    Journal articles | 2010
    Mckinley A; Johnston E, 2010, 'Impacts of contaminant sources on marine fish abundance and species richness: A review and meta-analysis of evidence from the field', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 420, pp. 175 - 191, http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08856
    Journal articles | 2010
    Pease CJ; Johnston E; Poore AG, 2010, 'Genetic variability in tolerance to copper contamination in a herbivorous marine invertebrate', Aquatic Toxicology, 99, pp. 10 - 16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.03.014
    Journal articles | 2010
    Piola RF; Dafforn KA; Johnston EL, 2010, 'The influence of antifouling practices on marine invasions (vol 332, pg 41, 2007)', BIOFOULING, 26, pp. 497 - 497, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010903322065
    Journal articles | 2010
    Roberts DA; Johnston E; Knott NA, 2010, 'Impacts of desalination plant discharges on the marine environment: A critical review of published studies', Water Research, 44, pp. 5117 - 5128, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.036
    Journal articles | 2009
    Clark GF; Johnston E, 2009, 'Propagule pressure and disturbance interact to overcome biotic resistance of marine invertebrate communities', Oikos, 118, pp. 1679 - 1686
    Journal articles | 2009
    Dafforn KA; Glasby T; Johnston E, 2009, 'Links between estuarine condition and spatial distributions of marine invaders', Diversity and Distributions, 15, pp. 807 - 821
    Journal articles | 2009
    Dafforn KA; Johnston E; Glasby T, 2009, 'Shallow moving structures promote marine invader dominance', Biofouling, 25, pp. 277 - 287
    Journal articles | 2009
    Hedge L; Knott NA; Johnston E, 2009, 'Dredging related metal bioaccumulation in oysters', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, pp. 832 - 840
    Journal articles | 2009
    Hill NA; King CK; Perrett LA; Johnston E, 2009, 'Contaminated suspended sediments toxic to an antarctic filter feeder: Aqueous- and particulate-phase effects', Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28, pp. 409 - 417
    Journal articles | 2009
    Hyne RV; Sanchez-Bayo F; Bryan AD; Johnston E; Mann RM, 2009, 'Fatty acid composition of the estuarine amphipod, Melita plumulosa (Zeidler): link between diet and fecundity', Environmental Toxicology, 28, pp. 123 - 132
    Journal articles | 2009
    Johnston E; Roberts DA, 2009, 'Contaminants reduce the richness and evenness of marine communities: A review and meta-analysis', Environmental Pollution, 157, pp. 1745 - 1752
    Journal articles | 2009
    Kingsford R; Watson J; Lundquist C; Venter O; Hughes L; Johnston E; Atherton J; Gawel M; Keith D; MacKey B; Morley C; Possingham H; Raynor B; Recher H; Wilson K, 2009, 'Major conservation policy issues for biodiversity in oceania', Conservation Biology, 23, pp. 834 - 840
    Journal articles | 2009
    Knott NA; Aulbury J; Brown T; Johnston E, 2009, 'Contemporary ecological threats from historical pollution sources: Impacts of large-scale resuspension of contaminated sediments on sessile invertebrate recruitment', Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 770 - 781
    Journal articles | 2009
    Piola RF; Dafforn KA; Johnston E, 2009, 'The influence of antifouling practices on marine invasions', Biofouling, 25, pp. 633 - 644
    Journal articles | 2009
    Piola RF; Johnston E, 2009, 'Comparing differential tolerance of native and non-indigenous marine species to metal pollution using novel assay techniques', Environmental Pollution, 157, pp. 2853 - 2864
    Journal articles | 2008
    Dafforn KA; Glasby T; Johnston E, 2008, 'Differential effects of tributyltin and copper antifoulants on recruitment of non-indigenous species', Biofouling, 24, pp. 23 - 33, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010701730329
    Journal articles | 2008
    Johnston E; Lee KM, 2008, 'Brooding behaviour and reproductive success in two species of free-living simultaneous hermaphrodites', Marine Biology, 155, pp. 555 - 561
    Journal articles | 2008
    Piola RF; Johnston E, 2008, 'Pollution reduces native diversity and increases invader dominance in marine hard-substrate communities', Diversity and Distributions, 14, pp. 329 - 342, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00430.x
    Journal articles | 2008
    Piola RF; Johnston E, 2008, 'The potential for translocation of marine species via small-scale disruptions to antifouling surfaces', Biofouling, 24, pp. 145 - 155
    Journal articles | 2008
    Roberts DA; Johnston E; Muller S; Poore AG, 2008, 'Field and laboratory simulations of storm water pulses: Behavioural avoidance by marine epifauna', Environmental Pollution, 152, pp. 153 - 162, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.005
    Journal articles | 2008
    Roberts DA; Johnston E; Poore AG, 2008, 'Biomonitors and the assessment of ecological impacts: Distribution of herbivorous epifauna in contaminated macroalgal beds', Environmental Pollution, 156, pp. 489 - 503
    Journal articles | 2008
    Roberts DA; Johnston E; Poore AG, 2008, 'Contamination of marine biogenic habitats and effects upon associated epifauna', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, pp. 1057 - 1065, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.003
    Journal articles | 2007
    Hollows C; Johnston E; Marshall D, 2007, 'Copper reduces fertilisation success and exacerbates Allee effects in the field', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 333, pp. 51 - 60
    Journal articles | 2007
    Johnston E; Clark GF, 2007, 'Recipient environment more important than community composition in determining the success of an experimental sponge transport', Restoration Ecology, 15, pp. 638 - 651
    Journal articles | 2007
    Johnston E; Connell S; Irving A; Pile A; Gillanders B, 2007, 'Antarctic patterns of shallow subtidal habitat and inhabitants in Wilke`s Land', Polar Biology, 30, pp. 781 - 788
    Journal articles | 2007
    Lee KM; Johnston E, 2007, 'Low levels of copper reduce the reproductive success of a mobile invertebrate predator', Marine Environmental Research, 64, pp. 336 - 346, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.004
    Journal articles | 2007
    Roberts DA; Poore AG; Johnston E, 2007, 'MBACI sampling of an episodic disturbance: Stormwater effects on algal epifauna', Marine Environmental Research, 64, pp. 514 - 523, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.04.005
    Journal articles | 2007
    Roberts DA; Poore AG; Johnston E, 2007, 'Sydney Harbour's seaweeds: a deadly diet for sea creatures', Australasian Science, August 2007, pp. 36 - 38
    Journal articles | 2006
    Lee KM; Beal AM; Johnston E, 2006, 'A new predatory flatworm (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) from Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia', Journal of Natural History, 39, pp. 3987 - 3995
    Journal articles | 2006
    Perrett LA; Johnston E; Poore AG, 2006, 'Impact by association: direct and indirect effects of copper exposure on mobile invertebrate fauna', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 326, pp. 195 - 205
    Journal articles | 2006
    Piola RF; Johnston E, 2006, 'Differential resistance to extended copper exposure in four introduced bryozoans', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 311, pp. 103 - 114
    Journal articles | 2006
    Piola RF; Johnston E, 2006, 'Differential tolerance to metals among populations of the introduced bryozoan Bugula neritina', Marine Biology, 148, pp. 997 - 1010
    Journal articles | 2006
    Roberts DA; Poore AG; Johnston E, 2006, 'Ecological consequences of copper contamination in macroalgae: Effects on epifauna and associated herbivores', Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25, pp. 2470 - 2479
    Journal articles | 2005
    Clark GF; Johnston E, 2005, 'Manipulating larval supply in the field: a controlled study of marine invasibility', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 298, pp. 9 - 19
    Journal articles | 2005
    Irving A; Connell S; Johnston E; Pile A; Gillanders B, 2005, 'The response of encrusting coralline algae to canopy loss: an independent test of predictions on an Antarctic coast', Marine Biology, 147, pp. 1075 - 1083
    Journal articles | 2005
    Johnston E; Keough M, 2005, 'Reduction of pollution impacts through the control of toxicant release rate must be site- and season-specific', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 320, pp. 9 - 33, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T8F-4FKYF2Y-1/2/1839795ef30d04d2c2b92a2d8f352441
    Journal articles | 2003
    Johnston E; Keough M, 2003, 'Competition modifies the response of organisms to toxic disturbance', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 251, pp. 15 - 26
    Journal articles | 2003
    Johnston E; Keough M, 2003, 'Pulse Disturbances to the Colonization of Hard-substrates and in situ Determination of Copper using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT): Quantifying Dose and Response in the Field', Biofouling, 19, pp. 335 - 345
    Journal articles | 2002
    Johnston E; Keough M, 2002, 'Direct and indirect effects of repeated pollution events on marine-hard substrate assemblages', Ecological Applications, 12, pp. 1212 - 1228
    Journal articles | 2002
    Johnston E; Keough M, 2002, 'Maintenance of species dominance through pulse disturbances to a sessile marine invertebrate assemblage in Port Shelter, Hong Kong', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 226, pp. 103 - 114
    Journal articles | 2000
    Johnston E; Keough M, 2000, 'Field assessment of effects of timing and frequency of copper pulses on settlement of sessile marine invertebrates', Marine Biology, 137, pp. 1017 - 1029
    Journal articles | 2000
    Johnston E; Webb AJ, 2000, 'Novel techniques for field assessment of copper toxicity on fouling assemblages', Biofouling, 15, pp. 165 - 173
  • Preprints |
    Kelaher B; Clark GF; Johnston EL; Ingleton T; Knott NA; Coleman MA, Desalination Discharge Influences the Composition of Reef Invertebrate and Fish Assemblages, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3967922
    Preprints |
    Sherow B; Gacutan J; Tait H; Johnston EL; Clark GF, Land Use and COVID-19 Lockdowns Influence Debris Composition and Abundance in Stormwater Drains, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4231301